Glossary
Co-borrower
A second person who shares ownership of what a loan financed and is equally responsible for repaying it from the start.
A co-borrower (or joint applicant) is a full partner on a loan: their income and credit help you qualify, they share ownership of the financed asset, and they are expected to help repay from day one. That distinguishes them from a cosigner, who typically has no ownership stake and exists only to strengthen the application. Both carry equal legal liability, but a co-borrower is a genuine co-owner — common on a mortgage between spouses — while a cosigner is a guarantor for someone else's loan.
Related terms
- Secured A loan backed by an asset the lender can seize if you default — a house, a car, or a deposit.
- Charge-off When a creditor gives up trying to collect a debt through normal billing and writes it off as a loss — typically after 180 days of non-payment.
- Credit utilization ratio The share of your available revolving credit you are currently using — the second-biggest factor in your credit score, after payment history.
- Subprime loan A loan made to a borrower with a low credit score, priced with a higher rate to offset the added default risk.
- Short sale Selling a home for less than what is owed on the mortgage, with the lender's approval — an alternative to foreclosure.
- Hard inquiry A credit check triggered by a real application, which can cost a few points and stays on your report for two years.